Ibisobanuro bya Me Ingamba zo gucunga ibipimo ngenderwaho bya tekiniki y'igihugu》

Mu rwego rwo guha uruhare runini uruhare rw’ibikorwa remezo by’ibipimo bya tekinoloji mu guhuza umutungo w’ubuhanga n’ikoranabuhanga no guteza imbere inganda zigenda zivuka, Ubuyobozi bwa Leta bugenzura amasoko buherutse kuvugurura kandi butanga "Ingamba z’igihugu zo gucunga neza tekiniki ya tekinoloji". (aha ni ukuvuga "Ingamba"), yashyizwe mu bikorwa ku ya 1 Gicurasi 2024.

Ikibazo 1: Ni ubuhe busobanuro nubunini bwa metero yigihugu ya tekinike yihariye?

Igisubizo: Ibipimo bya tekiniki yo gupima ni amategeko ya tekiniki yo kwemeza ubumwe bwa sisitemu yigihugu yo gupima no kumenya ukuri n’ubwizerwe bw’agaciro kangana, kandi ni amahame yimyitwarire kugirango ibikorwa bya tekinike bipimwe, kandi bigire uruhare runini rwa tekiniki. mubikorwa byo gupima mubushakashatsi bwa siyanse, gucunga ibipimo byemewe n'amategeko, umusaruro winganda nizindi nzego. Tekiniki ya tekiniki yigihugu yigihugu ni tekiniki ya tekiniki ya metero yateguwe kandi yemejwe nubuyobozi bukuru bushinzwe kugenzura amasoko kandi bishyirwa mubikorwa mugihugu hose.

Hamwe niterambere ryibikorwa bya metrologiya, sisitemu yubuhanga bwa tekinoloji yigihugu muri iki gihe mubushinwa ntabwo ikubiyemo imbonerahamwe ya sisitemu yo kugenzura ibipimo bya metero n’igihugu gusa hamwe n’amabwiriza agenzura ibipimo by’igihugu, ahubwo ikubiyemo urutonde rw’isuzuma ry’imiterere y’igihugu, ibipimo ngenderwaho by’ibipimo bya metero n’ubundi bwoko bushya bwa metero tekiniki ya tekiniki yagiye ikorwa buhoro buhoro hamwe niterambere ryubumenyi bwa tekinoloji nubuhanga no kubishyira mu bikorwa hamwe nihindagurika ryibikorwa bya metero. Nkamagambo yo gupima nibisobanuro mubice bitandukanye, gusuzuma no guhagararirwa ibisabwa byo gupimwa kutamenya neza, amategeko (amategeko, umurongo ngenderwaho, ibisabwa muri rusange), uburyo bwo gupima (inzira), ibisabwa bya tekinike yamakuru asanzwe, tekinoroji ya algorithm, uburyo bwo kugereranya ibipimo, nibindi. .

Ikibazo cya 2: Nigute Ubushinwa bwa tekinoloji ya tekinoloji bugizwe?

Igisubizo: Ibisobanuro bya tekiniki ya tekiniki bitanga amategeko yubahiriza ibikorwa bya tekiniki ya metero nko kugenzura metrologiya, kalibrasi, kugereranya no gusuzuma ubwoko, no gushyigikira imicungire ya metero yemewe niterambere ryubukungu niterambere ryimibereho. Duhereye ku buryo busanzwe, ibisobanuro bya tekiniki ya metrologiya birimo imbonerahamwe ya sisitemu yo kugenzura metrologiya, amabwiriza yo kugenzura metrologiya, igenamigambi ryerekana ubwoko bwibikoresho bya metrologiya, ibisobanuro bya kalibibasi ya metrologiya nibindi bisobanuro bya tekiniki ya metrologiya. Uhereye kurwego rwo kureba, hariho tekiniki yigihugu, ishami, inganda ninzego zibanze (zo mukarere). Kugeza mu mpera za Gashyantare 2024, Ubushinwa bugezweho muri tekiniki ya tekinoloji y’igihugu ni ibintu 2030, harimo ibintu 95 biri mu mbonerahamwe ya sisitemu yo kugenzura ibipimo ngenderwaho by’igihugu, ingingo 824 z’amabwiriza agenga igenzura ry’igihugu, ingingo 148 zerekana ubwoko bw’isuzuma ryerekana ibikoresho, 828 ibintu bya kalibrasi yigihugu yigihugu nibisobanuro 135 nibindi bikoresho bya tekiniki ya metrologiya. Gutanga no gushyira mu bikorwa ibyo bisobanuro bya tekiniki yigihugu byigihugu bigira uruhare runini muguharanira ubumwe bwibipimo byo gupima no kumenya ukuri kwizewe.

Ikibazo cya 3: Niyihe ntego yo gushyiraho ingamba zo gucunga ibipimo ngenderwaho bya tekiniki yigihugu?

Igisubizo: Ingamba zo gucunga Amabwiriza yigihugu yo kugenzura Metrologiya atanga urufatiro rwo gucunga imbonerahamwe ya sisitemu yo kugenzura Metrologiya yigihugu hamwe namabwiriza yigihugu yo kugenzura Metrologiya. Itangizwa rya "Igipimo cy’imicungire y’imicungire y’imicungire y’igihugu" kizarushaho gusobanura ubusobanuro n’urwego rw’ibipimo ngenderwaho bya tekiniki y’igihugu, bizashyira mu bikorwa imiyoborere y’ubuzima bwose bw’ibipimo ngenderwaho bya tekinoloji y’igihugu, kandi bihore binonosora gahunda y’imicungire y’imicungire y’ubumenyi bw’igihugu kugira ngo itange imbaraga zikomeye inkunga ya metrologiya yo guteza imbere ubukungu n’imibereho myiza.

Ikibazo cya 4: Ni izihe mpinduka nyamukuru hagati yivugururwa rishya ryavuguruwe "Ingamba zo gucunga ibya tekinoloji y’igihugu mu rwego rwo hejuru" hamwe n’umwimerere "Ingamba zo gucunga neza ibipimo by’igihugu"?

Igisubizo: "Ingamba zigihugu zo gucunga ibya tekinoloji ya Metrologiya" zavuguruwe cyane cyane mu ngingo zikurikira: Icya mbere, "Ingamba z’igihugu zo gucunga amabwiriza yo kugenzura metrologiya" zahinduwe "Ingamba z’igihugu zo gucunga neza tekinoloji ya tekinoloji". Iya kabiri ni ugusobanura neza ibisabwa byakazi byerekeranye na tekiniki ya tekiniki yigihugu mu rwego rwo gutangiza umushinga, kuyishyiraho, kwemeza no kurekura, kuyishyira mu bikorwa, kugenzura no kuyobora. Icya gatatu ni ugusobanura neza ibipimo bya tekinoloji yigihugu mu rwego rwa tekiniki, usibye ibintu bigomba rwose guhishwa ibanga, inzira yose igomba kuba ifunguye kandi ikorera mu mucyo, kandi ibitekerezo by’impande zose bigomba gusabwa cyane. Iya kane ni uguteza imbere cyane ikoreshwa ry’ibipimo mpuzamahanga by’ibipimo byatanzwe n’umuryango mpuzamahanga w’ubumenyi bw’amategeko (OIML) n’inyandiko mpuzamahanga za tekiniki zatanzwe n’imiryango mpuzamahanga ibishinzwe hagamijwe kurushaho guhuza n’ibipimo mpuzamahanga no guteza imbere kuzenguruka mu gihugu no mu mahanga. Icya gatanu, biragaragara ko Ubuyobozi Rusange bugenga amasoko butegura ishyirwaho rya komite tekinike yo gukora isuzuma ryumushinga, gutegura imishinga, gusaba ibitekerezo, gusuzuma tekiniki no kwemezwa, gusuzuma ingaruka zishyirwa mubikorwa, gusuzuma no kumenyekanisha no gushyira mubikorwa ibipimo byigihugu; ibipimo bya tekiniki. Icya gatandatu, biragaragara ko amashami, inganda nibisobanuro bya tekinike yo gupima bizashyirwa mubikorwa hifashishijwe izi ngamba.

Q5: Ni uruhe ruhare Komite ishinzwe tekinike y’igihugu ishinzwe ubumenyi mu gushyigikira imiyoborere y’igihugu?

Igisubizo: Komite y’ubuhanga y’ubuhanga mu bumenyi bw’igihugu yemejwe n’ubuyobozi bwa Leta bugenzura amasoko, ishinzwe gushyiraho ibipimo ngenderwaho bya tekinoloji y’igihugu, gutanga inama za politiki ya metrologiya, gukora ibiganiro by’amasomo no kungurana ibitekerezo, ubumenyi bwa metero bukwirakwizwa no gukwirakwiza ubumenyi bwa tekiniki itari- ishyirahamwe ryemewe n'amategeko. Mu mpera za Gashyantare 2024, Ubuyobozi bukuru bw’ubugenzuzi bw’isoko bwemeje ko hashyirwaho komite tekinike 43 na komite 21 zishinzwe tekinike, zigabanyijemo ibyiciro bibiri: komite shingiro zuzuye na komite zihariye. Nyuma yimbaraga zigihe kirekire, komite tekinike ifite uruhare runini rwubwishingizi mukuzamura ubushobozi bwikurikiranabikorwa, gutanga no gushyigikira imicungire yikigereranyo, guteza imbere ubumenyi n’ikoranabuhanga, no guteza imbere iterambere ry’inganda no kuzamura ireme.

Ikibazo 6: Nigute dushobora gukina neza uruhare rwibipimo ngenderwaho bya tekiniki yigihugu mugushigikira udushya niterambere?

Igisubizo: Ibisobanuro bya tekinoloji yigihugu murwego rwa tekiniki bikubiyemo ibintu byinshi byumwuga ninganda, kandi ni umurimo usaba uruhare rwamashyaka menshi murwego rwinganda kandi rufunguye. Urebye uko "ibintu bitapimwe, bituzuye kandi bidahwitse" mu gihe cyo guteza imbere inganda, hirya no hino ku bibazo byo gutinda mu nganda no gupima ikoranabuhanga no kubura uburyo bwo gupima no gupima, mu myaka yashize, Ubuyobozi bukuru bugenzura amasoko bwateguye Ikigo cyigihugu cyo gupima no gupima inganda kugirango gikomeze gushimangira ivugururwa ryibipimo ngenderwaho bijyanye na tekiniki, kandi byegeranije ibyagezweho nuburambe. Iri vugurura ryongeraho ingingo zivuga ko Ubuyobozi Bukuru bw’Ubugenzuzi bw’isoko bushobora kugena ibigo by’igihugu bipima ibipimo ngenderwaho by’inganda, sitasiyo z’ibipimo by’umwuga n’ibindi bigo kugira ngo bikore imirimo ijyanye no gushyiraho ibipimo ngenderwaho bya tekinoloji y’igihugu, kandi bikingure inzira zi gushiraho inganda zihariye za metrologiya tekinike yigihugu. Urebye ibipimo ngenderwaho by'inganda bipima no gupima, sisitemu igeragezwa ryuzuye cyangwa ibibazo bya kalibrasi hamwe ninganda nyinshi zinganda, kure, kalibrasi kumurongo nibindi bikenerwa bifatika, kwihutisha ishyirwaho ryuburyo rusange bushobora gukoreshwa kandi busobanutse, byujuje ibyifuzo byihutirwa. yo gupima inganda, no guteza imbere kugabana no kuzamura ibisubizo byapimwe bijyanye. Tanga uruhare rwuzuye kuruhare rushyigikiwe na tekiniki ya tekiniki yo guhanga udushya no guteza imbere inganda.

Ikibazo 7: Nigute ushobora kwihutisha kandi byoroshye inyandiko ya digitale yubumenyi bwa tekinoloji yigihugu?

Igisubizo: Injira muri http://jjg.spc.org.cn/, andika sisitemu yuzuye yo gutangaza inyandiko yubumenyi bwa tekinoloji yigihugu ya Metrology, urashobora kubaza inyandiko yubumenyi bwa tekinoloji yigihugu. Amabwiriza yo kugenzura ibipimo byigihugu hamwe nimbonerahamwe ya sisitemu yo kugenzura ibipimo byigihugu bishobora gukururwa, ibindi bisobanuro bya tekiniki yigihugu byigihugu bishobora kugirwa inama kumurongo.