Ukutolikwa 《kweMigangatho yoLawulo lweMigangatho yobuGcisa beMetrological yeSizwe》
Ukuze unike umdlalo opheleleyo kwindima ebalulekileyo yeziseko ezingundoqo zeenkcukacha zobugcisa bemetroloji ekuhlanganiseni izixhobo zenzululwazi kunye nezobuchwepheshe kunye nokulima amashishini asakhasayo anobuchule, uLawulo lweLizwe loLawulo lweMarike kutshanje luhlaziywe kwaye lwakhupha "iMiqathango yeSizwe yoLawulo lweeNkcazo zobuGcisa beMetrological" (emva koku kubhekiselwa kuwo ngokuthi "yiMiqathango"), ethe yaphunyezwa ngokusemthethweni ngoMeyi 1, 2024.
Umbuzo 1: Ithini inkcazo kunye nobubanzi beenkcukacha zobugcisa zemetroloji yesizwe?
Impendulo: Imilinganiselo yobugcisa bemilinganiselo yimithetho yobugcisa ukuqinisekisa ubunye benkqubo yeyunithi yokulinganisa yesizwe kunye nokuchaneka nokuthembeka kwexabiso lobungakanani, kwaye yimigaqo yokuziphatha yokulinganisa imisebenzi yobugcisa yokulinganisa, kwaye idlala indima ebalulekileyo yobugcisa. kwimisebenzi yokulinganisa kuphando lwezenzululwazi, ulawulo lomlinganiselo womthetho, imveliso yoshishino kunye nezinye iinkalo. Ubuchwephesha bobuchwephesha bemetroloji yesizwe yinkcazelo yobugcisa bemetroloji equlunqwe yaza yamkelwa luLawulo Jikelele loLawulo lweMarike yaze yaphunyezwa kuzwelonke.
Ngophuhliso lwemisebenzi yemetroloji, inkqubo yangoku ye-metroloji yesizwe echaza ubuchwephesha e-China ayibandakanyi kuphela itheyibhile yesizwe yoqinisekiso lwe-metrology kunye nemigaqo yoqinisekiso lwe-metrology yesizwe, kodwa kunye nolwandlalo lovavanyo lwesizwe lwe-metrology, ukucaciswa kolungelelwaniso lwe-metrology yesizwe kunye nezinye iintlobo ezintsha ze-metrology. iinkcukacha zobugcisa zenziwe ngokuthe ngcembe ngophuhliso lwenzululwazi ye-metrology kunye nobuchwepheshe kunye nokusetyenziswa kwayo kunye nokuvela kwezenzo ze-metrology. Okufana nemigaqo yokulinganisa kunye neenkcazo kwiinkalo ezahlukeneyo, iimfuno zovavanyo kunye nokumelwa kokungaqiniseki komlinganiselo, imithetho (imithetho, izikhokelo, iimfuno eziqhelekileyo), iindlela zokulinganisa (iinkqubo), iimfuno zobugcisa zedatha yereferensi esemgangathweni, iteknoloji ye-algorithm yokulandelela, iindlela zokulinganisa ukulinganisa, njl. .
Umbuzo 2: Zenziwa njani iinkcukacha zobuchwephesha bemetroloji yaseTshayina?
Impendulo: Imiba yobugcisa beMetroloji ibonelela ngothotyelo lwemithetho yemisebenzi yobuchwephesha bemetroloji efana nokuqinisekiswa kwemitha, ulungelelwaniso, uthelekiso kunye nohlobo lovavanyo, kunye nokuxhasa ulawulo lwemetroloji esemthethweni kunye nophuhliso loqoqosho nentlalo. Ngokwembono esesikweni, imilinganiselo yobugcisa bemetroloji ibandakanya itheyibhile yenkqubo yoqinisekiso lwemitha, imimiselo yoqinisekiso lwemitha, uludwe lovavanyo lohlobo lwesixhobo semetroloji, imilinganiselo yokulinganisa imitha kunye nezinye iinkcukacha zobugcisa zokwenza i-metrological. Ukusuka kwinqanaba lokujonga, kukho imigangatho yesizwe, yesebe, yoshishino kunye neyengingqi (yengingqi) yobugcisa. Ukusukela ekupheleni kukaFebruwari ka-2024, iinkcukacha zobugcisa bemetroloji yesizwe yaseTshayina zizinto ezingama-2030, kubandakanywa izinto ezingama-95 zenkqubo yoqinisekiso lwemetroloji yesizwe, izinto ezingama-824 zemithetho yokuqinisekisa imitha yelizwe, izinto ezingama-148 zohlobo lovavanyo lwezixhobo zokulinganisa, ezingama-828. izinto zemilinganiselo yesizwe yolungelelwaniso lwemetroloji kunye nezinto ezili-135 zezinye iinkcukacha zobugcisa bemetroloji. Ukukhutshwa kunye nokuphunyezwa kwezi nkcukacha zobugcisa zemetroloji yesizwe kudlala indima ebalulekileyo ekuqinisekiseni ubunye beeyunithi zokulinganisa kunye nokuchaneka nokuthembeka kwamaxabiso obungakanani.
Umbuzo wesi-3: Yintoni injongo yokwaziswa kweMigangatho yoLawulo lweMigangatho yoBugcisa beMetroloji yeSizwe?
Impendulo: Amanyathelo oLawulo lweMigaqo yeSizwe yoQinisekiso lweMetrological ibonelela ngesiseko solawulo lweetheyibhile zesizwe zenkqubo yoqinisekiso lweMetrological kunye nemimiselo yesizwe yoqinisekiso lweMetrological. Ukwaziswa "kweMiqathango yoLawulo lweeNkcazo zeMetroloji yeSizwe" kuya kucacisa ngakumbi inkcazo kunye nobubanzi beenkcukacha zobugcisa bemetroloji yesizwe, ukubeka emgangathweni ukulawulwa komjikelo wobomi bonke beenkcukacha zobugcisa bemetroloji yesizwe, kunye nokuphucula rhoqo inkqubo yolawulo lweenkcukacha zobugcisa zemetroloji ukuze kubonelelwe ngamandla. inkxaso yemetroloji kuphuhliso loqoqosho nolwentlalo olukumgangatho ophezulu.
Umbuzo 4: Loluphi utshintsho oluphambili phakathi kwe "National Metrology Technical Specifications Management Measures" esanda kuhlaziywa kunye ne "National Metrology verification Regulations Management Measures"?
Impendulo: I-"National Measures for the Management of Metrology Technical Specifications" ihlaziywa ikakhulu kule miba ilandelayo: Okokuqala, "iMiqathango yeSizwe yoLawulo lweMimiselo yoQinisekiso lweMetrology" ibizwa ngokuba "iMiqathango yeSizwe yoLawulo lweeNkcazo zobuChwephesha beMetrology". Okwesibini kukucacisa ngakumbi iimfuno zomsebenzi wenkcazo yobugcisa bemetroloji yesizwe kwizigaba zokuqaliswa kweprojekthi, ukuqulunqwa, ukuvunywa kunye nokukhululwa, ukuphunyezwa, ukubeka iliso kunye nokulawula. Okwesithathu kukuqulunqa ngokucacileyo iinkcukacha zobugcisa zemetroloji yesizwe, ngaphandle kwezinto ezifuna ngokwenene ukugcinwa ziyimfihlo, yonke le nkqubo kufuneka ivuleleke kwaye icace, kwaye izimvo zawo onke amaqela kufuneka zicelwe ngokubanzi. Okwesine kukukhuthaza ngokusebenzayo imigangatho yemetroloji yamazwe ngamazwe ekhutshwe nguMbutho waMazwe ngaMazwe we-Legal Metrology (OIML) kunye namaxwebhu obugcisa bezizwe ngezizwe akhutshwe yimibutho yamazwe ngamazwe echaphazelekayo ukuze kuhambelane ngcono nemigangatho yamazwe ngamazwe kunye nokukhuthaza ujikelezo kabini lwasekhaya nolwamazwe ngamazwe. Okwesihlanu, kucacile ukuba uLawulo Jikelele loLawulo lweMakethi luya kuququzelela ukusekwa kwekomiti yobugcisa ukuba yenze uvavanyo lweprojekthi, ukuyila intlangano, ukucela izimvo, uviwo lobugcisa kunye nokuvunywa, ukuphunyezwa kovavanyo lwesiphumo, ukuphononongwa kunye nopapasho kunye nokuphunyezwa kwemetroloji yesizwe. imigangatho yobugcisa. Okwesithandathu, kucacile ukuba amasebe, amashishini kunye nemilinganiselo yobugcisa yendawo iya kuphunyezwa ngokubhekisele kule Milinganiselo.
Q5: Ithini indima yeNational Professional Metrology technical Committee ekuxhaseni ulawulo lwemetroloji yesizwe?
Impendulo: IKomiti yeSizwe yobuGcisa beMetrology yobuchwephesha ivunyiwe luLawulo lweLizwe loLawulo lweMarike, olunoxanduva lokuqulunqa imigangatho yobugcisa yemetroloji yesizwe, ibonelele ngengcebiso yomgaqo-nkqubo wemetroloji, iqhube iingxoxo zezifundo kunye notshintshiselwano, ukusasazwa kwenzululwazi yemetroloji kunye nokusasazwa kolwazi kobugcisa obungeyo- umbutho osemthethweni. Ekupheleni kukaFebruwari 2024, uLawulo Jikelele loLawulo lweMarike luvumile ukusekwa kweekomiti zobugcisa ze-43 kunye neekomiti ezincinci ze-21, ezihlulwe zibe ziindidi ezimbini: iikomiti ezisisiseko ezibanzi kunye neekomiti ezizodwa. Emva kwemizamo yexesha elide, iKomiti yezoBugcisa idlala indima ebalulekileyo yokuqinisekisa isiseko ekuphuculeni amandla okulandelelwa umthamo, ukukhonza kunye nokuxhasa ulawulo lokulinganisa, ukukhuthaza inkqubela phambili yesayensi kunye nezobuchwepheshe, kunye nokukhuthaza uphuhliso lwezoshishino kunye nokuphucula umgangatho.
Umbuzo 6: Idlalwa njani indima yemigangatho yesizwe yobugcisa bemetroloji ekuxhaseni ukusungulwa kwemizi-mveliso nophuhliso?
Impendulo: Ubuchwephesha bemetroloji yesizwe ibandakanya uluhlu olubanzi lweenkalo zobungcali nezoshishino, kwaye ngumsebenzi ofuna intatho-nxaxheba yamaqela amaninzi kwikhonkco lemizi-mveliso kwaye ivuliwe. Ngokujonga imeko "engenakulinganiswa, engagqibekanga kwaye ayichanekanga" kwinkqubo yophuhliso lwemizi-mveliso, malunga neengxaki zokulinganisa i-industrial kunye nokuvavanya iteknoloji kunye neendlela zokulinganisa ezilahlekileyo kunye neendlela zokuvavanya, kwiminyaka yakutshanje, uLawulo Jikelele loLawulo lweMarike luququzelele. Iziko leSizwe lomlinganiselo kunye novavanyo lwemizi-mveliso ukuqinisa ngokuthe gqolo uhlaziyo lomlinganiselo ofanelekileyo weenkcukacha zobugcisa, kwaye laqokelela impumelelo ethile kunye namava. Uhlaziyo longeza izibonelelo zokuba uLawulo Jikelele loLawulo lweMarike lunokumisela amaziko afanelekileyo ovavanyo lwemilinganiso yemizi-mveliso yesizwe, izikhululo zemitha yemitha yobuchwephesha kunye namanye amaziko ukuba enze umsebenzi ofanelekileyo woqulunqo lweenkcukacha zobugcisa zemetroloji yesizwe, kwaye avule ngakumbi amajelo olwazi. ukuqulunqwa kweenkcukacha zobugcisa zemetroloji kushishino oluthe ngqo. Ngokujonga umlinganiselo weparameter engundoqo kunye novavanyo, inkqubo yovavanyo olubanzi okanye iingxaki zokulinganisa kunye neparamitha yemizi-mveliso emininzi, kude, ukulinganisa kwi-intanethi kunye nezinye iimfuno ezisebenzayo, ukukhawulezisa ukusekwa kweendlela eziphindaphindwayo nezinokubhekiswa kwimizi-mveliso ngokubanzi kunye neenkcukacha, ukuhlangabezana ngcono neemfuno ezingxamisekileyo. yovavanyo lwamashishini, nokukhuthaza ukwabelana kunye nokukhuthazwa kweziphumo zomlinganiselo ofanelekileyo. Nika umdlalo opheleleyo kwindima exhasayo yeenkcukacha zobugcisa bemetroloji kuphuhliso nophuhliso lwemizi-mveliso.
Umbuzo 7: Indlela yokujonga ngokukhawuleza nangokulula isicatshulwa sedijithali seenkcukacha zobugcisa ze-metrology?
Impendulo: Ngena ku-http://jjg.spc.org.cn/, faka inkqubo yokuveza iteksti epheleleyo ye-National Metrology Technical specifications, unokubuza isicatshulwa se-National Metrology technical specifications. Imithetho yesizwe yoqinisekiso lwemetroloji kunye netheyibhile yelizwe yokuqinisekisa i-metrological system inokukhutshelwa, ezinye iinkcukacha zobugcisa bemetroloji yesizwe kunokuqhagamshelwana nazo kwi-intanethi.