Ukuhunyushwa 《Kwezinyathelo Zokulawulwa Kwezilinganiso Zobuchwepheshe Ze-Metrological Kazwelonke》

Ukuze kudlalwa ngokugcwele indima ebalulekile yengqalasizinda yokucaciswa kobuchwepheshe be-metrological ekuhlanganiseni izinsiza zokusungula zesayensi nezobuchwepheshe kanye nokuhlakulela izimboni zamasu ezisafufusa, i-State Administration of Market Supervision isanda kubuyekeza futhi yakhipha "Izinyathelo Zikazwelonke Zokuphathwa Kwezicaciso Zezobuchwepheshe Ze-Metrological" (ngemuva kwalokhu okuzobizwa ngokuthi "Izinyathelo"), esisetshenziswe ngokusemthethweni ngoMeyi 1, 2024.

Umbuzo 1: Ithini incazelo kanye nobubanzi bemininingwane yobuchwepheshe be-metrology kazwelonke?

Impendulo: Ukucaciswa kobuchwepheshe bokulinganisa imithetho yezobuchwepheshe yokuqinisekisa ubunye besistimu yeyunithi yokulinganisa kazwelonke kanye nokunemba nokwethembeka kwevelu yenani, futhi iyikhodi yokuziphatha yokumisa imisebenzi yobuchwepheshe yokulinganisa, futhi idlale indima ebalulekile yesisekelo sobuchwepheshe. emisebenzini yokulinganisa ocwaningweni lwesayensi, ukuphathwa kokulinganisa okusemthethweni, ukukhiqizwa kwezimboni neminye imikhakha. Ukucaciswa kobuchwepheshe be-metrological kazwelonke ukucaciswa kobuchwepheshe be-metrological okwakhiwe futhi kwagunyazwa Ukuphathwa Okujwayelekile Kokuqondisa Kwemakethe futhi kwasetshenziswa ezweni lonke.

Ngokuthuthukiswa kwemisebenzi ye-metrology, uhlelo lwamanje lwe-metrology lukazwelonke lwe-technical specication e-China aluhlanganisi ithebula lezwe lokuqinisekisa i-metrology kanye nemithetho kazwelonke yokuqinisekisa i-metrology, kodwa futhi nohlaka lukazwelonke lokuhlola uhlobo lwe-metrology, ukucaciswa kokulinganisa kwe-metrology kazwelonke nezinye izinhlobo ezintsha ze-metrology. imininingwane yobuchwepheshe yakhiwa kancane kancane ngokuthuthukiswa kwesayensi ye-metrology nobuchwepheshe kanye nokusetshenziswa kwayo kanye nokuvela komkhuba wemisebenzi ye-metrology. Njengamagama nezincazelo emikhakheni eyahlukene, izidingo zokuhlola nokumelela kokungaqiniseki kokulinganisa, imithetho (imithetho, imihlahlandlela, izidingo ezivamile), izindlela zokulinganisa (izinqubo), izidingo zobuchwepheshe zedatha yereferensi evamile, ubuchwepheshe bokulandelelwa kwe-algorithm, izindlela zokuqhathanisa nezilinganiso, njll. .

Umbuzo 2: Ingabe imininingwane yobuchwepheshe be-metrological yaseShayina yenziwa kanjani?

Impendulo: Imininingwane yobuchwepheshe be-metrological ihlinzeka ngokuhambisana nemithetho yemisebenzi yobuchwepheshe be-metrological efana nokuqinisekiswa kwe-metrological, ukulinganisa, ukuqhathanisa nohlobo lokuhlola, futhi isekela ukuphathwa kwe-metrological esemthethweni kanye nentuthuko yezomnotho nezenhlalakahle. Ngokombono osemthethweni, ukucaciswa kobuchwepheshe be-metrological kufaka phakathi ithebula lesistimu yokuqinisekiswa kwe-metrological, imithethonqubo yokuqinisekisa i-metrological, uhlaka lokuhlola uhlobo lwethuluzi le-metrological, imininingwane yokulinganiswa kwe-metrological kanye nokunye ukucaciswa kobuchwepheshe be-metrological. Ngokwezinga lokubuka, kukhona ukucaciswa kobuchwepheshe bokulinganisa kuzwelonke, komnyango, kwezimboni kanye nendawo (kwesifunda). Kusukela ekupheleni kukaFebruwari 2024, imininingwane yezobuchwepheshe ye-metrological kazwelonke yamanje yizinto ezingu-2030, okuhlanganisa izinto ezingu-95 zethebula lezwe lokuqinisekisa i-metrological verification, izinto ezingu-824 zemithetho kazwelonke yokuqinisekiswa kwe-metrological, izinto ezingu-148 zohlobo lohlaka lokuhlola lwamathuluzi okulinganisa, 828. izinto zokucaciswa kokulinganiswa kwe-metrological kazwelonke kanye nezinto eziyi-135 zeminye imininingwane yobuchwepheshe ye-metrological. Ukukhishwa kanye nokuqaliswa kwalokhu kucaciswa kobuchwepheshe bemitha yemitha kuzwelonke kudlala indima ebalulekile ekuqinisekiseni ubumbano lwamayunithi okulinganisa kanye nokunemba nokuthembeka kwamanani wenani.

Umbuzo 3: Iyini inhloso yokwethulwa kwe-National Metroological Technical Standards Measures Management?

Impendulo: Izinyathelo Zokuphathwa Kwemithetho Kazwelonke Yokuqinisekisa I-Metrological inikeza isisekelo sokuphathwa kwamathebula esistimu kazwelonke yokuqinisekisa i-Metrological kanye nemithetho kazwelonke yokuqinisekisa i-Metrological. Ukwethulwa "Kwezinyathelo Zokulawulwa Kwezinto Zobuchwepheshe Ze-Metrological Kazwelonke" kuzoqhubekela phambili kucacise incazelo kanye nobubanzi bemininingwane yobuchwepheshe be-metrological kazwelonke, kufane umjikelezo wokuphila wonke wokuphathwa kwemininingwane yobuchwepheshe be-metrological kazwelonke, futhi kuthuthukiswe njalo uhlelo lukazwelonke lokulawula imininingwane yobuchwepheshe be-metrological ukuze kuhlinzekwe ngamandla. ukwesekwa kwe-metrological yezinga eliphezulu lentuthuko yezomnotho nezenhlalakahle.

Umbuzo 4: Yiziphi izinguquko eziyinhloko phakathi kwe-"National Metrology Technical Specifications Management Measures" esandabuyekezwa kanye "Nezinyathelo Zokulawulwa Kwemithetho Kazwelonke Yokuqinisekisa I-Metro" yokuqala?

Impendulo: "Izinyathelo Zikazwelonke Zokuphathwa Kwemininingwane Yezobuchwepheshe Ye-Metrology" zibuyekezwa ikakhulukazi kulezi zici ezilandelayo: Okokuqala, "Izinyathelo Zikazwelonke Zokuphathwa Kwemithetho Yokuqinisekisa I-Metrology" ziqanjwa kabusha ngokuthi "Izinyathelo Zikazwelonke Zokuphathwa Kwezicaciso Zobuchwepheshe zeMetrology". Eyesibili iwukuqhubeka nokucacisa izidingo zomsebenzi zokucaciswa kobuchwepheshe be-metrological kazwelonke ezinyathelweni zokuqaliswa kwephrojekthi, ukwakhiwa, ukugunyazwa nokukhululwa, ukuqaliswa, ukugadwa nokuphathwa. Okwesithathu uwukwenza ngokucacile ukucaciswa kobuchwepheshe be-metrology kazwelonke, ngaphandle kwezinto ezidinga ngempela ukugcinwa kuyimfihlo, yonke inqubo kufanele ivuleleke futhi ibe sobala, futhi imibono yabo bonke abathintekayo kufanele icelwe kabanzi. Okwesine ukukhuthaza ukusetshenziswa kwamazinga e-metrology ngamazwe ngamazwe akhishwe yiNhlangano Yamazwe Ngamazwe Ye-Legal Metrology (OIML) kanye nemibhalo yezobuchwepheshe yamazwe ngamazwe ekhishwe izinhlangano zamazwe ngamazwe ezifanele ukuze kuhambisane kangcono nezindinganiso zamazwe ngamazwe futhi kuthuthukiswe ukujikeleza kabili kwangaphakathi nakwamanye amazwe. Okwesihlanu, kuyacaca ukuthi i-General Administration of Market Regulation izohlela ukusungulwa kwekomidi lezobuchwepheshe ukuze lenze ukuhlolwa kwephrojekthi, ukuhlelwa kwenhlangano, ukucela imibono, ukuhlolwa kobuchwepheshe kanye nokugunyazwa, ukuqaliswa kokuhlolwa komphumela, ukubuyekezwa kanye nokukhangisa kanye nokuqaliswa kwe-metrological kazwelonke. izindinganiso zobuchwepheshe. Okwesithupha, kusobala ukuthi iminyango, izimboni kanye nokucaciswa kobuchwepheshe bokulinganisa kwendawo kuzosetshenziswa maqondana nalezi zindlela.

Q5: Ithini indima yeNational Professional Metrology technical Committee ekusekeleni ukuphathwa kwe-metrology kazwelonke?

Impendulo: IKomidi Lobuchwepheshe Likazwelonke Lochwepheshe be-Metrology ligunyazwe Ukuphathwa Kwemakethe Kwezimakethe, okubhekele ukwenziwa kwamazinga ezobuchwepheshe e-metrology kazwelonke, ukuhlinzeka ngezeluleko zenqubomgomo ye-metrology, ukuqhuba izingxoxo zezemfundo nokuhwebelana, ukuthandwa kwesayensi ye-metrology kanye nokusatshalaliswa kolwazi kokungewona inhlangano yezomthetho. Ekupheleni kukaFebruwari 2024, Ukuphathwa Okujwayelekile Kwezimakethe Zokulawulwa Kwemakethe sekugunyaze ukusungulwa kwamakomiti ezobuchwepheshe angama-43 kanye namakomiti amancane angama-21, ahlukaniswe izigaba ezimbili: amakomiti ayisisekelo aphelele namakomiti akhethekile. Ngemva kwemizamo yesikhathi eside, iKomidi Lezobuchwepheshe lidlala indima ebalulekile yokuqinisekisa eyisisekelo ekuthuthukiseni amandla okulandelelwa kwevolumu, ukukhonza nokusekela ukuphathwa kokulinganisa, ukugqugquzela inqubekelaphambili yesayensi nezobuchwepheshe, kanye nokukhuthaza ukuthuthukiswa kwezimboni kanye nokuthuthukiswa kwekhwalithi.

Umbuzo 6: Idlalwa kanjani kangcono indima yezindinganiso zobuchwepheshe be-metrological kazwelonke ekusekeleni ukusungulwa nokuthuthuka kwezimboni?

Impendulo: Ukucaciswa kobuchwepheshe be-metrology kazwelonke kubandakanya imikhakha eminingi yobungcweti neyezimboni, futhi kuwumsebenzi odinga ukubamba iqhaza kwamaqembu amaningi ochungechungeni lwezimboni futhi uvulekile. Ngenxa yesimo esikhona "sokungalinganisiwe, okungaphelele futhi okungalungile" ohlelweni lokuthuthukiswa kwezimboni, mayelana nezinkinga zokukalwa kwezimboni nobuchwepheshe bokuhlola kanye nezindlela zokulinganisa nezindlela zokuhlola ezingekho, eminyakeni yamuva nje, i-General Administration of Market Supervision ihlele. Isikhungo Sikazwelonke sokulinganisa nokuhlola sezimboni ukuze siqhubeke nokuqinisa ukubuyekezwa kwemininingwane yobuchwepheshe yokulinganisa efanele, futhi siqoqe impumelelo ethile nolwazi. Lesi sibuyekezo sengeza izinhlinzeko zokuthi i-General Administration of Market Supervision ingaqoka izikhungo zikazwelonke zokuhlola ukulinganisa izimboni, iziteshi zikazwelonke zokulinganisa ama-metering kanye nezinye izikhungo ukuze zenze umsebenzi ofanele wokwakhiwa kwemininingwane yezobuchwepheshe ye-metrological kazwelonke, futhi uvule imigudu ukwakhiwa kokucaciswa kobuchwepheshe be-metrological kazwelonke kwemboni ethile. Uma kubhekwa ukulinganisa nokuhlola kwepharamitha yokhiye wezimboni, izinkinga zokuhlola okuphelele kwesistimu noma ukulinganisa kanye nepharamitha eningi yezimboni, ukude, ukulinganisa okuku-inthanethi nezinye izidingo ezingokoqobo, kusheshiswe ukwakheka kwezindlela nezincazelo ezijwayelekile zezimboni eziphindaphindekayo nezibhekekayo, ukuhlangabezana kangcono nezidingo eziphuthumayo. yokuhlolwa kwezimboni, futhi ikhuthaze ukwabelana nokukhuthazwa kwemiphumela yokulinganisa efanele. Nikeza ukudlala okugcwele endimeni esekelayo yokucaciswa kobuchwepheshe be-metrological ekusungulweni nasekuthuthukisweni kwezimboni.

Umbuzo 7: Ungawubona kanjani ngokushesha futhi kalula umbhalo wedijithali wezicaciso zobuchwepheshe ze-metrology kazwelonke?

Impendulo: Ngena ku-http://jjg.spc.org.cn/, faka uhlelo olugcwele lokudalula umbhalo we-National Metrology Technical, ungabuza umbhalo wezicaciso zobuchwepheshe ze-Metrology kazwelonke. Imithetho kazwelonke yokuqinisekisa imithamo kanye nethebula lezwe lohlelo lokuqinisekisa imethrikhi lingadawunilodeka, okunye ukucaciswa kobuchwepheshe be-metrological kazwelonke kungaboniswana nge-inthanethi.